Economics - Muppyのお勉強箱

[1. Economic Growth]

• Health/Mortality
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Malaria
• Fertility
• Demographic Transition

[2. Inequality]
[3. Definition of Development]
[4. Market Failure]

[1. Economic Growth and Fertility/Health/Demographic Transition]

Fertility

• Mechanism
  • Lowering fertility, more resource is distributed into each child
    • Human Capital
    • Nutrition
  • Lowering fertility, total size of population decreases
    • Pessimism: Malthus, Ehrlich
    • Optimism: Kuznets,Simon
    • Neutralism: Bloom and Freeman
  • Lowering fertility, child and maternal health status is improved
    • Reduce high order birth
    • Reduce too young and old birth
    • More spacing
    • Prevent unsafe abortion
    • Explain Bleakley story, and relate this to human capital accumulation
  • With mortality decline, country enjoys benefit from demographic dividend

Mortality/Health

• Mechanism
  • Healthy people are more productive
  • Living longer, people save more. So increase investment.
  • Living longer, people invest human capital more
  • Decreasing mortality rate, total population is increased
  • Healthy country attracts more FDI
  • With fertility decline, country benefits from demographic dividend
• Empirical Evidence
  • Macro Level
    • Bloom, Canning, Sevilla
    • Acemoglu and Johnson
    • Pritchett and Summers
    • Weil
  • Micro Level
    • Schultz
    • Strauss
    • Bleakley(Malaria):Early child insult
    • Weil and others(Malaria):non or negative impact in the first 30 years, 3% in long run.
    • Young(HIV/AIDS)
    • Bloom, Mahal(HIV/AIDS)

# Merson et. al.'s textbook Chapter 13 provides good review

Population neutralist

• Bloom and Freeman(1996)(Bloom and Freeman(1998):Fertility Increase and Mortality Decline have different effect)

[2.Poverty Reduction/Inequality and XXX]

Mortality

• • Kawachi
  • Preston Curve
  • Deaton

[3. Definition of Development]

Bob Lucas: Development as Economic Growth
Human Development Index: Income, Education, and Health
Human Poverty Index:
Amartya Sen: Development as Freedom

[Market Failure]

• Public goods
• Externalities
• Information Asymmetries
  • Adverse Selection
  • Moral Hazard
• Inequality of initial resource distribution